Financial Analysis of Yum Brands

A Financial Analysis of Yum! Brands, Inc Restaurants are, and will continue to be, an extremely profitable business. As a result, shareholders who have interest in brands such as McDonalds and Starbucks need not to worry about negative implications for the food giants compared to more risky industries. One company in particular, Yum! Brands (YUM), is another brand investors should become familiar with. Consumers may recognize the more specific stores the company owns such as Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, but investors should realize the sales and earnings growth associated with this organization.In addition, while there are many companies in the restaurant industry, Yum not only rings familiar with consumers like Starbucks, but Yum engenders excellent financial news at a level above its competitors. However, before trying to access these financial statements, it is important to understand more specifics about Yum's business model. According to Reuters, Yum â€Å"is a quick service restau rant (QSR) with over 34,000 units in more than 100 countries and territories. † These quick service restaurants include consumer favorites such as Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Long John Silver's, and KFC.Whether the operating segment sells pizza or chicken, â€Å"Yum develops, operates, franchises and licenses a worldwide system of restaurants, which prepare, package and sell a menu of food items. † As each of these fast-food places is obvious to most readers in America, it is also quite interesting that over 100 countries are familiar with these names as well. In fact, segments like KFC were actually introduced in many markets like China before more obvious competitors like McDonalds. Since fast food is generally considered an inelastic, or non-cyclical, good, even during times of economic uncertainty, Yum will prosper.While most of its food is relatively cheap compared to rivals such as Brinker and Darden, consumers will still flock to Yum restaurants in similar volume durin g any stage of the economic cycle. Therefore, revenue growth should continue to remain steady, but positive, year after year making Yum a great portfolio choice at any time. To justify this claim, during the past twelve months, Yum received a revenue figure, according to Reuters, of $9. 56 billion. This number was a 5. 05% increase compared to the previous year number.While this increase in margin was a bit below the average year-to-year increase of 6. 58%, the difference in growth decline was only a 23% difference. Other companies like Brinker saw a 43% deceleration during this same time period. In addition, while some investors may critique the industry 11. 31% growth in sales during the past to Yum's lower numbers, it is also important to realize that Yum supports the seconds highest sales figure in its industry, and appreciation of revenue growth will be much difficult than smaller-capitalization companies to come-by.This is in addition to the fact that many lower-revenue compan ies in this industry are actually seeing negative sales growth (not deceleration) during the same time frame as the aforementioned analysis. With these thoughts on sales at hand, these numbers can be used at the broadest of levels to illustrate that the steady increase and influx of money into Yum over its career has aided in the appreciation of its share price. Since 2003, not once has Yum seen a calendar year decrease in price. This comes with a 25% appreciation in 2006 and a 12% escalation so far in 2007–despite the recent economic turmoil.These sales and share price indications illustrate that Yum will fair very well during all types of economic activity. Nevertheless, revenue cannot be the only financial analysis required to find superior companies. It is vital to understand how efficient a company is in reducing costs and using capital and labor to actually produce the final good. These intangible-sounding comparisons can actually become tangible given the use of margin s. Starting from gross margins, investors should be happy to find out that over the past twelve months, growth at 25. 9% has been higher than the pervious five year average of 24. 82%. While the former is a bit below the industry's average of 29. 04%, it is important to stress that Yum's revenue is the second highest in a fairly large industry, making outstanding margins difficult to come by. Nevertheless, compared to close revenue competitors, Yum's gross margins are better than Starbucks's (23. 62%), Darden's (23. 50%), and Brinker's (16. 42%). In addition, Yum's operating margins of 13. 14% are not only higher than its five year average of 12. 84%, but is doing better than the industry's twelve month margin of only 11. 76%.Moreover, these operating figures for Yum are also better than the same-time period numbers of Starbucks (11. 18%), Darden (9. 53%), and Brinker (7. 87%). While these numbers all indicate growth for Yum, the biggest instrument (that will be justified later with valuation tactics) is earnings differences. Fortunately for Yum, a 16. 27% increase in earnings per share over the past year is 29. 74% higher that the company's five year average increase. Compared to competitors, all three of Brinker, Darden, and Starbucks saw a deceleration of earnings growth last year, and none of these yearly increases matched the top-revenue producer, Yum.While there is clear evidence that Yum is great growth story, some investors may wonder whether Yum is overvalued given its success. Fortunately for these investors, this is not the case. In fact, some potential shareholders may make the claim that Yum is undervalued. Currently the industry has a P/E multiple of 31. 88 and a price to sales ratio of 2. 10. However, if analyst expectations are correct or and underestimate actual results (5/5 and 4/5 correct or below last five quarters for EPS and sales respectively), Yum sees a forward price to sales ratio 1. 9 and price to earnings ratio of 20. 18. Now while these numbers are not extraordinarily undervalued, as companies like Darden have slightly lower figures, compared to the industry as a whole and competitors like Starbucks (2. 25 price to sales and 31. 48 price to earnings), Yum's valuation is far from being labeled as a negative characteristic. Therefore, given good growth reports and not too much speculation relative to share price, there is strong news from both further financial achievement and valuation.However, before reaching a final conclusion, there are some other indicators to look at. One of these criteria is management efficiency. According to Reuters, Yum had seen a 60. 80% ROE figure for the past twelve months. While a bit smaller than the five year average, the number easily obliterates the industrial average and all three aforementioned market-cap competitors. This figure illustrates that Yum is not only increasing its net profit year after year, but helping investors by purchasing back some of its stock. Although ca pital spending is a bit below industrial averages at -0. 0% over the past five years for Yum, the company still has a healthy balance sheet of cash, especially compared to its price (undervalued). In addition, efficiency also comes from the company's turnover ratios. Receivable turnover at 41. 62%, inventory turnover at 80. 93%, and asset turnover at 1. 61% are all quite above the industrial averages and many competitor averages as well. Solvency with a current ratio of 0. 59 is quite low, but inline relative to the rest of the industry, but fast food restaurants need not to worry too much about liquidating assets.In addition, 83. 13% of equity for Yum is owned by institutional investors. This number is above the industrial figure at 74. 07% and also above Darden's and Starbuck's respective numbers. While there are many intelligent retail investors, having the real experts in institutional investors carry the bulk of the company shows optimism for future performance. And in addition al to this control, another enticement in a 1. 81% dividend yield should also help investors relay this company into more hands at a higher share price.Looking at the business model and fundamental features, there is strong evidence to support that investing in this company will yield strong returns. Technically speaking, the share price of Yum just recently crossed both the 50 day SMA and EMA–a bullish signal, and while there is encouragement to invest any time to profit from this company, now would be an almost ideal situation. Therefore, with the above information provided to benefit long term investors, it is closely assured that investing in YUM! Brands will produce genteel capital gains for shareholders. Article Source: http://EzineArticles. com/712239

Chiang Rai Thailand Health And Social Care Essay

This is a quantitative research review on a survey conducted in 2008 in the northern state of Chiang Rai, Thailand. The survey investigates the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes, and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) in people populating with HIV/AIDS ( PLWHA ) in the northern part of the said state. Four hundred 22 topics were selected to take part in the research and from them informations were collected with the usage of four different questionnaires. The consequences revealed that symptom experience had a important negative direct consequence on the HRQOL as opposed to age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention and self-care schemes which had important positive consequence on the HRQOL. Furthermore, it was seen that societal support and antiretroviral intervention had an indirect consequence on the HRQOL through self-care schemes. With these findings, it was recommended that public ity of societal support and attachment to antiretroviral intervention must be achieved to heighten the quality of life of people populating with HIV/ AIDS. The rubric is dryly stated which included a minimum figure of words but still adequately describes the contents of the paper ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . It is concise yet does non compromise its relevancy and does non sound uninteresting. It is briefly put together but still is moderately extended to explicate the research without overpowering readers with excessively much information. Furthermore, the rubric is formulated in a strong and simple mode which is really of import in guaranting readers will non be distracted or confused. The rubric presents the topic of the research which is the health-related quality of life in people populating with HIV/ AIDS in the northern part of Thailand. The research workers of this survey are Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, Jintana Yunibhand, Sureeporn Thanasilp, and Kathy Magilvy. Thitiarpa Tangkawanich, RN, Msc, Jintana Yunibhand, RN, Msc, PhD, and Sureeporn Thanasilp, RN, Msc, DNS are members of the Faculty of Nursing in Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand while Kathy Magilvy, RN, PhD, FAAN is a professor of the College of Nursing of the University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA. With all these academic certificates and makings, the research workers can be considered believable personalities in their several Fieldss of fortes. The research was made by well-thought-of professors and registered nurses. All of them have maestro ‘s grade while Tangkawanich is the lone one without a doctorial grade. The article uses an declarative or descriptive abstract to supply a brief sum-up of the chief points of the research ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . Since the research surveies a societal occurrence in a quantitative attack, the research workers used this sort of abstract as it describes what transpired during the full research procedure. The abstract references the condensed signifier of the research purpose, which is to happen out the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes and health-related quality of life. The methodological analysis used in carry oning the research is mentioned although some information was excluded as they were discussed in item in the succeeding parts of the research. Four different questionnaires were used to roll up informations from the 422 respondents chosen for the survey. Using the Likert evaluation graduated table, the informations were analyzed and were so subjected to statist ical intervention with SPSS and LISREL. The abstract besides reports the major findings ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) which show that symptom experience has a important negative consequence on the HRQOL while the other staying variables had a important positive consequence. Additionally, societal support and antiretroviral intervention were besides found to hold an indirect consequence on HRQOL via self-care schemes. Last, the abstract of the survey suggests a recommendation for the health-care squad, together with the household and community, to advance societal support and guarantee antiretroviral intervention to heighten the quality of life in people populating with HIV/ AIDS sing the research findings. It besides illustrates the survey ‘s significance to clinical pattern. The research job is clearly presented in the debut of the article as it explains the principle behind the behavior of this survey ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2007 ) . The purpose in this survey is to look into the causal relationships between age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, self-care schemes and the HRQOL in people populating with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand. It examines whether or non relationships between these factors exist, what sort of relationships exists if there are any and how does it implicate the people with the infection and the likely intercessions to be taken by wellness attention squad every bit good. The debut was besides able to give a state of affairs about how people with HIV/AIDS in the involved survey puting live their lives. It gave a brief treatment about HIV/AIDS which significantly provides a good jump-start in explicating the entireness of the research. The debut states the scarceness in research stuff that focal point on the relationships among the variables identified, HRQOL and PLWHA, set uping the demand for the survey to be conducted. Although the debut was able to discourse the major points and variables in the survey, it did non include the restrictions. Additionally, the debut besides did non explicate the chief subject from a bigger international range to a narrow and more specific degree ( Day & A ; Gastal, 2006 ) . In amount, the debut was able to set up a clear logic, an analysis of old plants, background information and the chief intent of the research ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2003 ) . The broad literature reappraisal used in the research was able to give a good background about the major points in the survey. However, many other stuffs still could hold been used to further beef up the survey ‘s literature reappraisal. It is notable that the survey is supported by up to day of the month information which makes it more timely and relevant. The literature reappraisal utilized articles from many other research workers whose research end products have greatly provided helpful informations to the survey. The description of the present life conditions of the respondents ( Sukati et al. , 2005 ) , the self-care schemes that they use ( Panuwatsuk, 1998 ) , the symptoms and their correlativity to HRQOL ( Dodd et al. 2001 ) , the current antiretroviral intervention ( Heckman 2003 ) , all these and others, were taken from researches conducted from twelvemonth 2000 through 2007. The literature is able to show in text the theoretical construction from which the survey was anchored. With the sum of referenced articles presented in the literature, the balanced rating of back uping and opposing stuffs for the proposition is demonstrated. Since merely few researches surveies were made sing the indirect consequence of the many factors identified on the HRQOL in PLWHA, the necessity to develop a theoretical account that could show the direct and indirect effects of the forecasters on the HRQOL in PLWHA has clearly risen as stated in the literature reappraisal. Furthermore, of import mentions were acknowledged consequently to further reenforce the soundness of the survey. Notwithstanding, it may hold given an extended overview on the survey, but still it was non able to show a few important points. Although the literature illustrated a comprehensive background on the survey and the variables involved, it did non overtly cite the cardinal theoretical model. The survey is a quantitative research which tries to explicate a societal phenomenon. This connotes that no change of the environment was made and the respondents were non subjected to any signifier of controlled scene, therefore, variables involved are limited. Since this is a quantitative research, it must hold a sound hypothesis which will function as its anchor. But it is non stated alternatively, an implied hypothesis was used to see whether or non relationships exist among the forecasters: age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, self-care schemes and symptom experience on wellness -related quality of life in people populating with HIV/AIDS. This is an illustration of a non-directional hypothesis ( Wood & A ; Haber, 2006 ) , where the hypothesis being tested is reversible but can be tested by geting informations and subjecting them to statistical analysis. The research workers used words that are largely clear and apprehensible. They did non utilize excessively many slangs in the he-man. Abbreviations like HRQOL, PLWHA and HIV/AIDS are besides clearly defined to avoid confusion. Footings besides have consistent and consistent definitions throughout the survey, particularly those operationally defined for this research ( Walonick, 2005 ) . The survey uses a cross-sectional quantitative survey with a non-experimental research design in placing the respondents ‘ degree of HRQOL in relation to their age, antiretroviral intervention, societal support, symptom experience, and self-care schemes. It means that an experimental survey utilizing a aggregation of informations on one juncture was made with a specific group of population all at the same clip ( Walsh & A ; Wigens, 2003 ) . It is the appropriate method to be used as it gives a snapshot of what happens in a chosen mark group or a phenomenon at one point in clip ( Babbie, 2010 ) . It is besides fit for this research as it is normally used in societal and medical scientific discipline. However, it besides has its failing or restriction since it merely captures the information at one specific clip as opposed to longitudinal surveies which involve a series of measurings taken over a period of clip ( Babbie, 2010 ) . Bing a non-experimental research, no use of the va riables was done and there was no effort made to alter the status, behavior or the environment of the variables as they are measured and analysed as they are. The respondents were merely made to reply questionnaires that will reflect their ain personal experience and at the same clip supply informations for the research worker ‘s perusing. The topics chosen for the survey are 422 people populating with HIV/AIDS who visited eight chosen outpatient infirmaries in the state of Chiang Rai in the northern portion of Thailand. Of which, 188 are males and 234 are females, with ages runing from 21 to 51 old ages old. The figure of respondents may non be sufficient to wholly stand for the mark population in the research puting but in many fortunes, a smaller sample size may be more important and useable in look intoing a state of affairs in deepness from different positions, while a big sample would be undistinguished particularly in societal researches ( Myers, 2000 ) . The research workers employed the lottery method without replacing in indiscriminately choosing eight infirmaries out of the 17 infirmaries in the northern state of Chiang Rai, Thailand. A random sampling method was so made to find the 422 topics who will be portion of the survey. They are people populating with HIV/ AIDS who visited the eight chosen outpatient infirmaries. The usage of lottery method in concurrence with simple random trying makes the choice of respondents more effectual and valid as it ignores repeat choices of component and gives more precise calculators ( Kalton, 1983 ) . Clearly, the attack used in sample choice and the sample size are doubtless stated. The research workers were able to methodically discourse the process undertaken in informations aggregation. They used four questionnaires to garner informations from the participants: societal support questionnaires, symptom experience questionnaire, self-care schemes questionnaire and health-related quality of life questionnaires. Each of these questionnaires has been carefully chosen and drafted for the survey. The three questionnaires for societal support, self-care schemes and health-related quality were all adapted from old research while the questionnaire for symptom experience was drafted establishing on the reappraisal of literature. The cogency and dependability of the questionnaires were greatly anchored on the internal consistences used for each questionnaire. The questionnaires are meticulously reviewed by the research worker to guarantee its ability to mensurate what it intends to mensurate ( Foddy, 1993 ) . However, no reference about pilot testing was made and this ma y be considered one of the survey ‘s failings. Creswell ( 2003 ) stated that ethical issues arise most normally in informations aggregation where confidentiality and namelessness are in careful examination. These concerns are recognised and acted upon by the research workers by guaranting respondents were given due protection and their safety is non abridged. The research workers acquired the blessing of the Ethical Review Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects and/or Use of Animals in Research, Health Science Group of Faculties, Colleges and Institutes, Chulalongkorn University, and the Ethical Review Committee for the Biomedical Group, Chiangraiprachanukroh Hospital, Thailand. With human topics involved in the survey, such blessing was obtained. The intent and methods of the survey were explained to the participants through the informed consent which acknowledges the participants ‘ rights are protected ( Creswell, 2003 ) . The consequences of the survey were presented clearly in graphical signifier and text. The consequences of the statistical intervention of the informations were explained in four concise yet extremely enlightening paragraphs while the demographics of the topics were presented in a more ocular and apprehensible tabular array ( Kumar, 2005 ) . The internal consistences of the informations, utilizing the Cronbach ‘s alpha were besides presented accurately, for societal support 0.8, for symptom experience which was clustered into six symptoms, weariness 0.88, nausea 0.92, diarrhea 0.93, depression 0.92, neuropathy 0.93 and anxiousness 0.92 ; for self-care schemes 0.77 and eventually for HRQOL 0.85. Given all these figures, readers are assured that the consequences are good calculated and analysed to guarantee that high degree of cogency and dependability is achieved. Four different and highly-structured questionnaires ( Overseas Learning Faculty 2004 ) were used in roll uping informations. The usage of questionnaires is the appropriate technique in obtaining informations for cross-sectional designed research or societal studies as it acquires first-hand information from the topics without change or use of their responses ( Bryman & A ; Bell, 2003 ) . On the other manus, SPSS and LISREL, statistical computing machine plans that perform higher computations and structural equation, were used for statistical analysis. Statistical interventions done with the said statistical tool are considered extremely right ( Norse School of Management, 2009 ) . The consequences of the information analysis show that path relationships between the variables were investigated to guarantee that important differences are non attributed to fluctuations in other relevant variables. It can besides be noted that the information analysis adequately showed the complete infor mation with the trial value, grade of freedom and chance for each identified variable, thereby giving more constituted consequences. The treatment of the research findings ties together all the pieces of the survey and gives a image of the survey as a whole. It relates and translates the figures to literature reappraisal therefore doing it more comprehendible and balanced ( Russel, 2002 ) . The research workers were able to travel back to literature and discourse that most of their research findings are consistent and similar with the plants antecedently done by other research workers on HRQOL in PLWHA. It besides tackled the deductions of the topics ‘ socio-economic position, gender, age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention, and symptom experience and self-care schemes to their health-related quality of life. The restriction of the survey was besides acknowledged where the usage of cross-sectional theoretical account was perceived to be the theoretical account ‘s failing since it merely gives a snapshot of the existent discernible fact at one point in clip ( Wood & A ; Haber, 2006 ) . Theref ore, it was suggested that future surveies should be conducted to further set up the causal relationships between the variables longitudinally over a longer period of clip to get enduring and more dependable research consequences. The decision coheres with and is supported by the consequences obtained. The research workers conclude that a causal theoretical account of HRQOL in PLWHA indicate that most factors have direct and indirect effects on the HRQOL. Consequently, age, societal support, antiretroviral intervention, symptom experience, and self-care schemes are considered to be important factors in explicating and foretelling the HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. Furthermore, self-care schemes link societal support and antiretroviral intervention with HRQOL in Thai PLWHA. The research workers besides presented the deductions of the survey which are really instrumental in the survey ‘s concluding recommendations. With the findings and decisions at manus, the research workers strongly recommend executable propositions to assist people populating with HIV/AIDS achieve a higher quality of life as they hurdle challenges of huge proportions, including HIV-stigma, deficiency of societal support, and mental wellness issues such as depression ( Jiraphongsa et al. , 2009 ) . The research workers gave motive on the publicity of societal support from the household and the community as it was found to be positively correlated with a better quality of life ( Fogel, 1998 ) . Observation to antiretroviral intervention, early symptom sensing and prompt intercession and pattern of self-care schemes must besides be ensured to accomplish a higher quality of life. The research workers besides pointed out the demand to carry on future research on this subject to get the better of the restrictions they met in carry oning this academic work for stronger and more dependable consequences. ( 2,770 words )

1968 event Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

1968 event - Essay Example Immediately after the incident, he was rushed to the hospital where he succumbed to injury and was pronounced dead after an hour. He passed away at the age of 39 (History 2012). Over four thousand National Guard Troops were ordered into Memphis to control the situation and prevent its aftermath; however the gunman managed to run away and escape. A curfew was immediately imposed as the 550,000 shocked inhabitants of the city, came to terms with the shocking incident. According to police accounts, the tragedy led to sporadic violence in Harlem and Brooklyn followed by incidents of looting and hostilities against the policemen by the districts with a majority of African American populations (The New York Times, 1968). The suspect who played a pivotal role in the tragedy was later identified as James Earl Ray – a small-time criminal, an ex-convict and a known racist was apprehended by the U.S. authorities at the Heathrow Airport on June 8 1968. Bystanders and witnesses present at the event narrated various accounts which included some of them witnessing him fleeing from a boarding house with a suspicious bundle, near the Lorraine Motel. It was alleged by the prosecutors that he had fired from the bathroom in the Motel building (History 2012). He was convicted for the murder of Dr. King and was sentenced to 99 years in prison on May 10, 1968. Earl Ray consistently denied his involvement in the assassination. The hunt for the suspects was one of the most sensational events in the history of the United States, giving rise to various conspiracy theories, misleading the investigators. Various eye witness accounts were taken into consideration and millions of dollars were invested by the Federal government to arrest the key conspirator. The tragedy was one of the most significant events in history since Dr. King was the leader and pioneer of the Civil Rights movement in the U.S. and played a key role in the upliftment of the suppressed African

Research Paper on Human Resource Diversity Essay

Research Paper on Human Resource Diversity - Essay Example Managing such a large workforce is difficult, and when there are different cultures involved it becomes even more difficult. XEROX operates in almost all continents. It is present in America, Asia, Australia and Africa. The people from different continents are faced with different culture and within these continents there are different countries having different culture. Even within countries there are different areas with different cultures. This makes the task of human resource management team of XEROX extremely complicated. The message given by the Human Resource Management team to the people working in organization is to treat everyone with dignity and respect. Even if the employees are from different cultures and background they should always treat the other employees with dignity and respect. XEROX also tackles the issue of diversity in the organization through a well thought out recruitment and selection program (Xerox, 1997). Even on its official website, XEROX promotes diver sity in the organization and has spelled out diversity statement for its employees. In which they are told to respect different cultures and people. This is how XEROX tries to maintain its reputation as a diversity-promoting organization. It is also one reason why the business has grown so much and expanded in all parts of the world. If the company had been unable to create an atmosphere where the diversity is respected, the country could not have grown beyond certain regions. But since XEROX has grown and is present almost in all countries of world we can say that XEROX is an organization where diversity is respected and every employee regardless of his culture or background is treated with dignity. This is a big achievement for a firm and lesson for other organizations on management diversity within the organization. (Ethikospublication, 2010) WALMART: Wal-Mart was started in 1962. Now it is present in 15 diverse countries. Walmart is another organization with the diverse the empl oyee base. Wal-Mart is a chain of large discount stores which is dominating the retail sector all over the world. The business model use by Wal-Mart is still a mystery for its competitors and no organization has even come close in giving stiff competition to the organization. As a result, Wal-Mart is going forward without any hurdles. Wal-Mart has a strong human resource policy. It is present on the list of â€Å"best places to work in† and is considered one of the most admired organizations. Last year alone, Walmart has increased the number of minority members working in Walmart store from 13109 to 16237. It has also presented itself as an equal opportunity employer and has increased women employees from 23,873 to 25,246. (Walmart Stores, 1997) Walmart focuses on the policy of giving important to its employees regardless of their culture and background. They promote this by giving opportunities to its workers to talk. They do not call people working in the organization as â €Å"employees† instead they use the work â€Å"associates† for them. Walmart is also trying to treat its employees with dignity and respect by opening up leadership positions and programmes for the members of minority groups and race and women. Walmart considered it as a part of their business and strategy to respect and promote diversity in the organization. As a result, it is more focused on the career development of its associates who are from diverse or different cultures. Apart

Critically assess the role of the UN in the protection of human rights Essay

Critically assess the role of the UN in the protection of human rights with regards to the AIDS epidemic in subsaharan Africa - Essay Example The CHR's request was based on the Secretary General's statement during the 51st session of the UN in which he stated: of the complex relationship between the public health rationale and the human rights rationale of HIV/AIDS. In particular, Governments could benefit from guidelines that outline clearly how human rights standards apply in the area of HIV/AIDS and indicate concrete and specific measures, both in terms of legislation and practice, that should be undertaken (Para. 135) In order to meet this objective the Second Annual International Consultation on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights under the leadership of United Nations General Assembly Special Session on HIV/AIDS along with their cosponsors (hereafter, UNAIDS)2 was held in Geneva from 23 to 25 September of 1996 to finalise guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights. Secondly, the members upon acceptance of the final form of the guidelines set out recommendations to ensure the guidelines are disseminated and implemented by all UN intergovernmental bodies, nations and non-government agencies. The basic human rights guiding principles as established by the UN with regard to HIV/AID are contained in Appendix A on page 26. Several of the principles are of specific interest with regard to the current research topic. One of these guiding principles is the 'Right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its applications.' In this principle the UN recognises that every person regardless of where they live is entitled to quality health care, current treatment methods, preventative supplies, counselling and testing. They further acknowledged that third world and emerging nations do not necessarily have the means, resources and funding necessary to accomplish this. To that end, they spell out the need to supply within countries and between nations the fundamental supplies and resources for this to occur. This is further emphasised in principle 14 which more expressly states that "International support, from both the public and private sectors, for developing countries for

What makes software so important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What makes software so important - Essay Example This would therefore mean that each and every user will install different computer software in their personal computers. For instance, a household that has children and wants them to play computer games will most likely install software’s aimed at supporting the various games that these children want to play. It is also possible to uninstall software that is not needed, in exchange of software that a user needs. On this note, software’s are used to run computer programs that users want to benefit from. Apart from the personal use of computer softwares, business organizations also need these softwares for purposes of helping their organization function to the best level of standard. This is beneficial to me, because it helps me to acquire high quality services from these organizations. There are different types of softwares that a business organization can use. This depends on the nature of the organization itself, and the kind of business activity that the organization engages in (Bowser, 2012). Examples of computer softwares that business organizations will need to use are, database management softwares, point of sale softwares, content management softwares, etc. Take for instance, a school or a university institution. For this organization, computer software that has the capability of keeping students records is essential (Pressman, 2010). This will help the organization to maintain and keep track of present and past students belonging to the institution under consideration. For a departmental store, or a retailing unit, the point of sale software is essential for keeping track of all the transactions that occurs within the business establishment. The content management software on the other hand is helpful to the online marketers and this is because it can help them to manage the flow of information in their websites in an easy and efficient manner. Apart from the above mentioned softwares,

Change Model Assessment in XYZ Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Change Model Assessment in XYZ Inc - Essay Example The term change is recognized in every business organization. The management of change in organizations can vary according to the type of business, involvement of employees or type of change. The major part of change relies on how the employees in an organization understand the procedure playing a vital role in determining their acceptance for such alterations. In case of XYZ Inc the type of change is defined by the expansion of the business. In the short term the company plans to open new branch in China and in long term the company will pursue for further expansion in countries such as Brazil, Russia and India. In order to control the short term change process, XYZ, Inc can apply Kurt Lewins ‘Change Management Model’. Kurt Lewin has developed a unique change theory which consists of three distinct phases. Unfreeze: ‘Unfreeze’ is the first phase of change according to the model. In this phase, XYZ, Inc can find appropriate method to make employees understand the requirement for change in business. XYZ, Inc will need to develop the desire for change by providing appropriate justification such as increasing sales or high financial prospects among other factors (Kaminski, 2011). Refreeze: Refreeze is the ultimate phase of change where XYZ, Inc will intend to establish new business practices and new organizational procedures. It will be conducted through supportive instruments such as new strategies and concrete alignment of new system for new workforces (Kaminski, 2011). In the long-term, XYZ, Inc can follow the John Kotters ‘Eight Step Change Model’. In the long run, XYZ, Inc. needs to develop system oriented change. At the first phase, XYZ, Inc. will require generating a feeling of urgency among employees about change. It can further help to prompt them towards change.

Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 55

Art - Essay Example The picture captures the hearty vitality that the painting shows. Via strong and concrete auditory and visual images and through the strong measured rhythm, it reveals that the villagers loved to celebrate their lives. The picture can be described as ekphrastic poem that focuses on a painting of a fair where a community or village participates in a very active and aggressive dance. More so, the painter emphasized on the bellies, shanks, and butts in the poem which suggests that roundness can be used to describe their obese physicality. It is also significant to note that the mouth is opened the largest when mentioning or pronouncing the word round and around further illustrating the pig-like qualities and characters of the villagers. The picture utilizes onomatopoeia as well as audio imaginary to try and make the painting appear real. It can be deduced that the annoying sounds in the paintings can be used to help describe the violent aspect of the dance as further as endorsed by the colors. The picture was intended to show an amazing depiction of careless merriment and records of events of meticulous details of people’s life during that time. It intends to shade more light on the painting by showing that people preserve their hope and depict determination to persevere hard conditions. That is the message that is contained in this painting as presented by the painter. Through the work, it is easy to learn and understand more about village life of that period and the people who inhabited it. For instance, it is easy to know how they dressed, danced, ate and hunted as it is the case of contemporary paintings. The painter had in his mind a moral slant in that lust, anger and gluttony are vividly seen in the painting. More so, the picture reveals the painters intention of bringing out the message that despite being the saints day, people have deserted the church. This picture cannot

Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Zara - Essay Example nd name of Zara and maintaining quality in the business operation processes will help the organization to capitalize on more potential business opportunities. The organization should not consider focus strategy as it is important for the organization to focus on broad market segment. It will help the organization to gain more competitive advantages. Grand Strategy The organization should also try to adopt and implement grand strategy in the business operation process in order to enhance decision making and strategy development process to set effective long term plans from several available alternatives. This grand strategy can be classified into four major strategies, such as growth strategy, stability strategy, retrenchment strategy and combination strategy. The management of the organization should adopt and implement growth strategy as it is important for the organization to achieve further growth. It is true that emergence of new entrants and adoption of online business activitie s are creating real threat for Zara. In addition to this, high labour cost is affecting the profit maximization aspect of Zara. Adoption of growth strategy will enhance the decision making and strategy development process of the organization. It is highly important for the organization to integrate online business operation process to achieve sustainable growth rate in this competitive industry. In addition to this, consideration of growth strategy in the decision making process will help the organization to adopt effective differentiation process that can influence the management of the organization to enter different fast fashion and fashion accessories industry to secure more market share and gain more potential competitive advantages. Functional Strategy Function strategy can be... The paper describes differentiation strategy which helped to develop the great brand - Zara. Zara already implemented product differentiation strategy. The organization always tries to offer differentiated clothes to target customers. The organization does not target a narrow market segment. Differentiated products for the people of all ages and different cultural background are the major success mantra of Zara. The organization should differentiate its business operation in. Fashion and accessories market is highly demanding and achieving strong growth rate. The organization should not consider focus strategy as it is important for the organization to focus on broad market segment. In conclusion, the report says that slow inventory turnover and critical supply chain management process are the major weaknesses of Zara. Therefore, it is important for Zara to source or prepare limited inventories according to the market demand and requirement. Appropriate production and supply according to the current market demand will help the organization to increase the efficiency of its inventory turnover. In addition to this, the organization should maintain short production cycle to reduce overall supply chain cost. High labour cost is another weakness of Zara. Therefore, it is important for the management of the organization to integrate automation in the business operation processes that can help to reduce the stress and pressure of the employees. High automation can improve business performance and can reduce the human resource management associated costs.

Week 7 essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Week 7 essays - Essay Example It must be emphasized that their differences had main ideological basis. Americans of the Revolutionary and the constitutional period wrestled with a†¦question: does every increase in the powers of the government entails a loss of liberty for the governed? Thomas Jefferson believed that it did. His †¦rival Alexander Hamilton believed it did not. 1 It was due to this opposing approach towards democracy that something that the founding fathers had missed or rather disregarded at the Convention of 1787 was thrust to the forefront. It was this rivalry of differing political ideals that lead to the formation of the two party system in the United States. that such an arrangement had its pit falls, and keeping these inherent dangers and Thomas Jefferson with a number of like-minded politicians, like James Madison, who likewise were fed up with the conservative Hamiltonian stance in United States politics, in the year 1794 formed the Democratic Republican party (which is the precursor of the present Democratic Party and was formally named so under Andrew Jackson in 1826). The ideological difference between the two parties stemmed from the character of Alexander Hamilton who was a through and through Conservative Right-Wing politician. In lay man terms he stood for status quo, which by extension meant among many other things the continuation of slavery. Thomas Jefferson on the other hand was a Liberal Left-Wing politician. Jefferson believed in the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity, and these ideas were instrumental in the French Revolution of 1789. It would not be wrong to say that Hamilton was a reactionary while Jefferson a progressive politician. This rift between the two political ideologies was the main cause behind the famous 12th Amendment which was passed in the year 1804 and laid down the foundations of the multi-party system in the United States. Further, Thomas Jefferson’s

Kaiser Permanente Risk Management Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Kaiser Permanente Risk Management Executive Summary Essay Organization Description Kaiser Permanente (KP) is the nation’s largest integrated health care delivery system. KP serves nine states and over nine million members, with an annual operating revenue in 2013 of 53.1 billion. KP is a leader in quality improvement efforts in the health care industry through participation in studies performed by the National Committee on Quality Assurance (NCQA), The Joint Commission (TJC) accreditations, and the implementation of a state of the art electronic health records system, which focuses on integration and quality of care standardization. The focus of this summary is on KP hospitals in the northern California region and will include topics such as the purpose of risk and quality management, risk identification and management, current risks, quality outcomes, organizational goals, and the relationship between risk and quality management. Risk and Quality Management Purpose General The purpose of risk management in health care is simply the process of protecting the assets and minimizing financial losses to the organization (Singh Habeeb Ghatala, 2012). A comprehensive risk management strategy within a health care organization will include focus on continuous quality improvement (CQI). The purpose of CQI in health care, according to Sollecito and Johnson (2013), is to offer a â€Å"structured organizational process for involving personnel in planning and executing a continuous flow of improvements to provide quality health care that meets or exceeds expectations† (p. 4). Through linking the processes of risk management and quality improvement the success of both processes is more likely to be realized. Kaiser Permanente The key concepts for risk and quality management at KP are commitment to quality, patient safety, privacy protection, and fraud prevention. KP risk management and quality management programs are central to their mission, values, and culture. Methods currently utilized to support these concepts  within KP are consumer surveys, the use of an integrated EHR with evidence based guidelines and clinical decision-making functionality, stringent patient privacy regulations and processes, continuous clinical and administrative staff training programs, and participation in studies focused on standardizing national quality measures (Kaiser Permanente, 2012). Risk Identification and Management Steps While KP is a leader in health care risk and quality management there are specific steps this consultant is recommending on a continual basis that will improve risk identification and management within the organization. 1. Identify and analyze loss and exposure While there are many methods utilized within the health care industry in the identification and analysis of loss and exposure, the recommended methods for KP are as follows: a) Incident-reporting analysis b) Improvement on the current performance management process for employees to bring focus on risk mitigation and quality improvement. c) Quantitative analysis of patient complaints and satisfaction surveys. d) Review of the organizations past professional liability and workers compensation reports. e) Review of surveys completed by TJC and NCQA on other hospitals in order to identify risk areas that KP should focus on. (McCaffrey Hagg-Rickert, 2009) 2. Research and propose alternative risk techniques To mitigate risks that are unavoidable at KP, a combination of alternative risk techniques will help reduce situations that might negatively affect the organization. A financial analysis and risk analysis should be performed in order to ascertain the likelihood of utilizing the exposure avoidance technique. This is not a likely option as the financial impact of eliminating services may out weigh the risks involved with continuing them. A loss reduction approach is more likely to be the technique chosen for this organization. The core prevention activities that must be present in the loss reduction technique are as follows: a.) Ongoing staff education b.) Current policy and procedure review and revision c.) Updates to the organizations current EHR system to ensure the data present in the clinical decision-making and evidence-based clinical guidelines technology is the most current data available. According to Chen, et al (2009), â€Å"a growing body of literature confirms the value of electronic health records (EHRs) in improving patient safety, improving coordination of care, enhancing documentation, and facilitating clinical decision making and adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines† (p. 323). 3. Risk management technique selection This two-part process of risk management technique selection is accomplished through forecasting and application of an ongoing measurement process, which will allow KP to analyze the risk management technique with regard to outcome and cost effectiveness. Included in the measurement process both risk treatment and risk-financing techniques should be measured (McCaffrey Hagg-Rickert 2009). 4. Implement the selected techniques Implementation of the chosen risk management techniques may include decisions on insurance coverage and policy changes, overall department workflow changes to ensure compliance with state and federally mandated regulations and guidelines, and elimination of processes that impede or hinder patient safety. 5. Monitor and improve upon the implemented risk management program In order to continue improving upon the newly implemented risk management program a comprehensive monitoring strategy should be employed. In fact, McCaffrey and Hagg-Rickert, (2009) stated, â€Å"a multidisciplinary approach to evaluating the risk management program ensures that the impact of additional opportunities to improve the risk management function are fully explored† (p. 21). a.) Prepare an annual risk management report b.) Compare the new annual report against prior years risk management data (McCaffrey Hagg-Rickert 2009) Current Risks Three risks that KP should take special care to avoid are rejection of newly implemented risk management and CQI procedures by employees, statute and regulatory changes, and health care associated infections (HAIs). 1. Rejection Change implementation is never an easy task and without special care taken the rate of rejection to change by clinical and administrative employees is high. In order to achieve successful CQI changes the following guidelines and recommendations are presented. a.) Minimize employee rejection through easily implemented and followed CQI procedures. b.) Engage employees in planning to increase acceptance. c.) Ensure lateral linkages within the organization across specialty departments to improve communication (Sollecito and Johnson, 2013). 2. Statute and regulatory changes With the ever-changing landscape in state and federal statutes and regulations surrounding the health care industry, special attention to this risk area must be taken. In fact, Cohen (2009) stated that â€Å"health care is one of the most heavily regulated of all sectors of commerce† (p. 328). Failure to comply with state and federal statutes and regulations can bring about negative financial affects at KP, including but not limited to; fines, loss of accreditation and credentialing, and an increase in malpractice lawsuits, not to mention a decrease in quality of care. a.) Risk management and quality improvement officers stay current and involved in statute and regulation changes. b.) Mandate educational goals for risk management and quality management officers with regard to state and federal regulations. c.) Implement a monthly employee newsletter within which the risk management officer and quality improvement officer outline regulation changes. Include processes that emplo yees should expect to see implemented to maintain compliance. Include a signature page with those editions that include changes to policy and ensure all employees sign and return to the human resources department. d.) Ongoing training for clinical and administrative employees with regards to statute and regulation. The risk management and quality improvement officers will be responsible to work with the organizations education department to implement new workshops as needed. e.) Include these responsibilities in the performance monitoring strategy for the risk management and quality improvement officers. 3. HAIs Health care associated infections are a serious risk in hospitals, as noted by Sydnor and Perl (2011), in their statement â€Å"HAIs are the most common complication seen in hospitalized patients† (para. 20). Improper prevention can lead to increased costs, lengthier hospital stays, and even patient death. Additionally, a Condition of Participation (CoP) (42 CFR 482.42) by CMS mandates hospital infection control programs to adhere to specific requirements. Recommendations are as follows. a.) Implement a house-keeping checklist to ensure proper sanitization of patient rooms. b.) Implement a sanitization checklist for clinical staff that will enforce hand washing before and after patient contact. c.) Develop a committee to review and revise the KP infection prevention and control program. Revisions should focus on compliance with TJC and the Center for Disease Control (CDC) regulations. Quality Outcomes Internal and external Three internal and external factors that influence quality outcomes are organization management of interpersonal relationships between physicians and patients, patient compliance, and continuity of care. Without proper management of interpersonal relationships between physicians and patients, the organization will face degradation in trust and openness. Patients should be involved in all treatment decisions, through proper education on their diagnosis and treatment options. This will bring about patient engagement in this decision making process. While KP cannot force their patients to comply with treatment guidelines, the external influence of patient compliance is crucial to quality outcomes. Programs focused on thorough training and education of patients and family members will improve the rate of compliance, thus improving the probability of positive quality outcomes for patients. Lack of patient compliance will hinder the treatment process and lower the level of quality outcomes standards at KP. Continuity of care is another internal influence that can affect quality outcomes. Regular follow up with patients will also increase patient compliance. Without improving continuity of care, the KP organization will see a reduction in positive quality outcomes and an increased in undesired outcomes (DeHarnais, 2013, chp 5). Goals Short-Term 1. Design new regulatory and statute training programs for all clinical and administrative employees. 2. Review and revise the KP infection prevention and control program 3. Revise the performance management system to include CQI measurements and risk management procedures as performance metrics. Long-Term 1. Increase adherence to state and federal regulations and statutes throughout the KP organization. 2. Reduce HAIs by 10% throughout KP hospitals in the northern California region. 3. Improve CQI measurement and risk management policy adherence throughout the northern California region by 20% among clinical employees. Risk and Quality Management Recommendations Risk management policies 1. Quarterly peer review The Health Care Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA) of 1986 â€Å"encourages hospitals, state licensing boards, and professional societies to identify and discipline physicians, dentists, and other health care providers who, after adequate, nondiscriminatory peer review, were found to have engaged in negligent or unprofessional conduct† (Cohen, 2013 p. 333). Through ongoing screening of new and current clinicians, KP will take responsibility for offering their patients that highest quality of care and reducing the risk of employing negligent clinical employees. 2. Zero tolerance adherence policy for all employees with regard to infection control procedures Part of the CMS CoP (42 CFR 482.42) regulation is the â€Å"designation of an infection control officer and development of relevant policies that address the identification and control of infections and communicable diseases. Without full compliance with all CoPs, KP could face the loss of their Medicare provider agreement. 3. Vulnerability analysis chart and emergency plan policy. According to Rawson and Hammond (2009) â€Å"by evaluating vulnerabilities and taking appropriate preventive action, loss can be minimized in an emergency†Ã‚  (p. 506). Health care facilities should include prevention measures in their emergency plans that include the risk of terrorist attacks. While terrorist attack risk cannot be completely mitigated, it is the responsibility of the health care facility to be prepared for such an emergency. Obtain additional information on including risk of terrorist attacks from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Quality management policies 1. Adherence to evidence-based clinical guidelines While it has been shown that â€Å"clinicians have customarily enjoyed a great deal of autonomy in their practices† (Argawal, 2010, para 3), it is imperative that clinicians follow evidence-based clinical guidelines. If exceptions should be made the details of, the patient diagnosis and variations should be presented for peer review prior to altering treatment plans. 2. Minimum score of 88% on customer satisfaction surveys Clinicians must maintain an average score of no less than 88% on customer satisfaction surveys quarterly. In today’s health care market, measurements of quality include consumer satisfaction. In fact, Bernard and Savitz (2009) state that in todays â€Å"competitive health care environment, consumers want and expect better health care services and hospital systems are concerned about maintaining their overall image† (p. 185). Relationship between risk and quality management In the past, risk management officers and quality improvement managers worked autonomously from one another, in fact they most often reported to different superiors. However, today healthcare organizations are realizing that in order to reach quality of care goals and maintain effective risk management programs these disciplines must work together closely. An example of how risk management efforts and quality improvement efforts complement one another is seen in the reduction of medical errors. The risk management plan must consider ways to reduce medical errors, while the quality improvement plan will offer solid steps toward minimizing medical errors (Sollecito and Johnson, 2013). Conclusion This summary focused on topics such as the purpose of risk and quality management, risk identification and management, current risks, quality outcomes, organizational goals, and the relationship between risk and quality management. While KP is the nation’s largest integrated health care delivery systems and leader in CQI standardization, there is always room for improvements. This consultant understands the importance of improvement at KP, thus humbly presents this summary and recommendations to the board of directors. References Agarwal, R. (2010, May). A Guideline for Quality Accreditation in Hospitals. Quality Digest, (), 1-4. Retrieved from http://www.qualitydigest.com/inside/twitter-ed/guideline-quality-accreditation-hospitals.html Chen, C., Garrido, T., Chock, D., Okawa, G., Liang, L. (2009). The Kaiser Permanente electronic health record: Transforming and streamlining modalities of care. Health Affairs, 28(2), 323-33. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/204522974?accountid=458 Cohen, M. (2009). Statutes, Standards, and Regulations (chp 10) in McCaffrey, J. J., Hagg-Rickert, S. (2009) Risk Management Handbook (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. DesHarnais, S. I. (2013). The outcome model of quality (chp 5) in Sollecito, W. A. and Johnson, J. K. (2013). McLaughlin and Kaluznys Continuous Quality Improvement In Health Care (4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Emily R. M. Sydnor, Trish M. Perl (2011, January). Clin Microbiol, 24(1): 141–173. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi .nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021207/ Kaiser Permanente. (2014). Kaiser Permanente, Retrieved from http://share.kaiserpermanente.org/article/history-of-kaiser-permanente/ McCaffrey, J. J., Hagg-Rickert, S. (2009, Chp 1) Developing of a Risk Management Program in Risk Management Handbook (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Rawson, M. L. and Hammond, H. Y,. (2009) Emergency Management in McCaffrey, J. J., Hagg-Rickert, S. (2009, Chp 7) Developing of a Risk Management Program in Risk Management Handbook (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Singh, B., Habeeb Ghatala, M. (2012, August). Risk Management in Hospitals. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(4). Sollecito, W. A. and Johnson, J. K. (2013). McLaughlin and Kaluznys Continuous Quality Improvement In Health Care (4th ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

The History Of Walt Disney Film Studies Essay

The History Of Walt Disney Film Studies Essay Animation is the allusion of movement through the persistence of vision. It dates back to as early as 1650 in Paleolithic cave painting, where animals were often drawn with multiple sets of overlapping legs. Although some argue that this could simply represent the artists changing their minds about leg position, most perceive these paintings as early attempts to portray motion. The zoetrope, a cylinder with vertical slits in the sides, is another example of early animation, as the inner surface of the cylinder has a band of sequenced pictures that produce the illusion of motion as the user looks at the pictures through the slits as it spins. Since cave paintings and the zoetrope, other forms of animation have been established, including stop motion, 3D animation, motion capture, rotoscope, film, etc. Numerous people have contributed to the world of animation and amongst those is Walt Disney. Just to name a few of his accomplishment, Walt was the first to add a music and effect track to a cartoon. He produced the first commercially released film produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process. He made the first full-length animated film. He was one of the first to use television as an entertainment medium and he created the theme park. Furthermore, no conversation pertaining to animation is complete without the mention of Disneys name, as his groundbreaking design and assembly techniques moved him to the vanguard of the animation industry. The impact Walt Disneys works continue to have on animation today is possible through the love and dedication he had for art and animation. Walter Elias Walt Disney was one of five children. He was born on December 5, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois to Elias and Flora Disney. He lived in Marceline, Missouri for most of his childhood, which is where he developed his love for art. Although Walts father did not support his interests in art, his mother and brother always encouraged him to pursue his talents. While living in Missouri, Disney began drawing, painting, and selling pictures to neighbors and family friends, as he needed extra money considering that his family was living in poverty. When he was about ten, Disney moved to Kansas City, Missouri where his uncle Mike Martin was a train engineer. Being in his uncles company, Walt developed a love for trains, which resulted in a summer job selling newspapers and snacks to travelers at the railroad. Disney later moved back to Chicago and attended McKinley High School. Walt continued to pursue animation upon his return to Chicago, as he enrolled in drawing and photography class es at McKinley and was a contributing cartoonist for the school paper. In addition, Disney took night classes at the Chicago Art Institute. At the age of sixteen, Disney dropped out of school to join the army during World War I. He was rejected because he was underage. Since he could not join the army, Walt moved to France and drove an ambulance for a year instead. He never stopped drawing. When he returned from France in 1919, Disney moved back to Kansas City, where he planned to pursue a career as a newspaper artist. His brother Roy helped him reach this goal, as he landed him a job with Pesmen-Rubin Art Studio. While working there, Walt met cartoonist Ubbe Iwerks, which led to him working as a commercial artist for the Kansas City Film Ad Company, where he made animations based on cutouts. While working for the ad company, Walt continued to explore his options. He began experimenting with a camera, doing hand-drawn cel animation. His interest led to his opening of his own animation business and he recruited Fred Harman, from the ad company, as his first employee.  Disney and Harman screened their cartoons, Laugh-O-Grams, with Kansas City Theater and their cartoons success resulted in Disney getting his own studio. Walt hired a few other employees and together they combined both live action and animation to create the series Alice in Cartoonland. Unfortunately, Walt had to file for bankruptcy in 1923 because the studio was in serious debt, but this misfortune led to better things. Walt relocated to Los Angeles and collaborated with Roy and Iwerks to create Disney Brothers Studio. Their first deal was to distribute their  Alice  cartoons with New York distributor Margaret Winkler. While working with Winkler, they invented a character called Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, and contracted the shorts at fifteen thousand dollars each.  A few years later, Disney realized that Winkler, her husband, and other Disney animators stole the rights to Oswald. He did not let this mishap discourage him, as this discovery paved the way for the infamous Mickey Mouse, which earned Disney his first Academy Award, an Honorary Award for the creation of Mickey Mouse. Walt had been developing Mickey for a while before he released the first animated shorts featuring Mickey, Plane Crazy  and  The Gallopin Gaucho. Both of these films were silent and failed to find distribution; however, Disneys third sound-and-music-equipped short called  Steamboat Willie, was a big hit, as Disney was the first to add a music and effect track to a cartoon. Walt still had more trends to set and boundaries to break. In 1929, Disney created  Silly Symphonies, which featured Mickeys newly created friends: Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy, and Pluto. One of the most popular cartoons, Flowers and Trees, was the first commercially released film produced in the full-color three-strip Technicolor process and it went on to earn Disney his second Academy Award, for Best Short.   As if that was not extraordinary enough, in 1933  The Three Little Pigs  and its title song Whos Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? became Americas theme during the Great Depression.  This resulted in Disneys third Academy Award, another for Best Short. In 1937,  Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length animated film, premiered in Los Angeles, producing one and a half million dollars, despite the Depression. It also won eight Oscars. During the next five years, Walt Disney Studios completed animated films, Pinocchio,  Fantasia,  Dumbo,  and  Bambi. By the time of Walts death,  Disneys Brother Studio had produced more than 100 features. Disneys last major success that he produced himself was the motion picture  Mary Poppins, which mixed live action and animation. Disney was one of the first to use television as an entertainment medium. The  Zorro,  Davy Crockett, and The Mickey Mouse Club (known today as Mickey Mouse Clubhouse) series were extremely popu lar with children. Although Mickey is responsible for majority of Disneys initial success, his accomplishments did not end there. Walt Disney also invented the theme park. Disneyland theme park opened in 1955. It was designed for children and their families to explore, meet Disney characters, and enjoy rollercoaster rides. Disney used Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color, a popular Sunday night show, to begin promoting his new theme park. In a very short period, it became a tourists attraction for people worldwide. Because of the success of Disneyland, Disney began plans for a new theme park in Florida. It was still under construction when Walt died from lung cancer at the age of sixty-six on December 15, 1966. Following Walts death, Roy took on the responsibility of finishing the Florida theme park, which opened in 1971. He named it Walt Disney World after his late brother. The Walt Disney Company launched its own television channel on April 18, 1983. The Original Disney Channel (1983-1997) marketed primarily towards younger children, with series such as Still the Beaver, The Baby-sitters Club, Five Mile Creek, Flash Forward, Adventures in Wonderland, Vault Disney, etc. In 1997, a new pre-teen programming took hold, with shows such as Smart Guy, Bug Juice, Jett Jacksons, and more. Later Zoog Disney attempted to connect the television and internet, giving kids who played online games an opportunity to see their names on television. From 2001 to 2002, Disneys ratings grew higher and it was about ninety percent basic cable programming. Pre-teens started watching the newer shows like, Even Stevens, Kim Possible, Lizzie McGuire and more, leading to the collapse of classic Disney programming. In recent years, the diversity of viewers has increased even more with an older audience of teenagers, young adults and families, from over one-hundred and sixty countri es and twenty languages. Walts interest in animating developed at a young age, as he drew and painted pictures to sell to his neighbors and family friends to earn extra money as a child. Walt quickly turned his hustle into a passion, as he enrolled in drawing and photography classes at McKinley high school and took classes at the Chicago Art Institute at night. Even when Walt was no longer in school, he continued to enhance his skills. He never stopped drawing, or trying to entertain others. No matter the trials and tribulations he faced, he never lost sight of his dream. When his first studio suffered from debt, he collaborated with his brother and old friend to open a new one. When his partners betrayed him and stole the rights to his first commercially successful character, Disney took it as an opportunity to release a new character. It is obvious Walt dedicated his life to his work, from his childhood to his death; thus, proving his love and dedication to animation is responsible for the success he has h ad in animating and the impact he continues to have on animation today.

The Airasia Marketing Concept Management Essay

The Airasia Marketing Concept Management Essay In the world of growing business competition, strategic management is where a process of certain level of management set goals and tactics in a firm. Strategic management provides overall direction of the functional areas of business firm department such as accounting, finance, production and marketing that allows the management to understand the concept of each operation level of management in the entire organization. Managers should also make the most from each organization level to achieve a best strengths and weakness in the environment. When this method is being applied, management seek answer to question regards to how, why and what will happened Airlines industry has help the industry in economic growth hence changing the life of people live and experience the world today Airlines operations interact among various officially permitted, community life, technology thus influencing management to make decision and actions This involved in relating the goals of the organization with the environment to a way of conscious and a planned method. AirAsia is one of the companies with a good strategic management and has becoming a low cost carrier airline which received several awards and recognition in the best low cost airlines in the world in year 2009. As of December 31, 2011, AirAsia Berhad (AsiaAsia) has engaged in providing transportation services which operates at a fleet of 90 aircraft. AirAsia operation flies over domestic and international destination with 108 routes and operates over 400 different daily flights which are located from different hubs. Those hubs are located in Malaysia, Thailand and Indonesia. AirAsia concept applies in no-frills, hassle-free, low fare business concept and their corporate values are Now Everyone Can Fly. Low Cost Airlines Simple Product Low Operating Cost Positioning Figure 1.0 AirAsia marketing concept. According to Daniel Chan market for airlines in Asia has been glomming to seek ways to compete each and another in the industry. Each of them has their own strategic management which allows them to achieve long terms objective and making them the best among their competitors. This has encourage AirAsia to consider strategic management program due to the current competition of Asia travel market and the need to have the urge to compete with their competitor which makes them only one of its kind in the industry. Four major functions of process which are planning, organizing, leading and controlling were no longer sufficient to support the current complex environment. This is because this process only managed the company internally but do not concentrate on the current environment which affecting the organization. Companies that adopt the four major functions were found that they were not successful in the current competitive market forces. On top of that, the organization only performs well in operation effective but not in strategy. Operation effectiveness and strategy are both similar but they only perform in a very different ways. Strategy is about the competitive market which the company performs different task in different ways of environment. Those tools are PESTEL, SWOT and Porter Five Forces. All of these tools analyses the macro and micro environment. Below diagram will further explain those tools. PESTEL DIAGRAM Political To fly outside Malaysia is not easy. Government political is one of the problem that low cost airlines faces. Landing charge and parking charges are very expensive and destination to Bangkok, Beijing, and Singapore is no cheaper than a backup airport. People are afraid to fly where threat of terrorism attack has happened before in the month of Sept 11 2001. Political stable where Asia country has no strikes, no wars and customer is free to plan their own traveling time. Economic Due to the stiff competition from MAS, AirAsia tend to offer lower pricing in tickets and a few flight routes to compete with the current economic. The rising of Asia middle class population growth has encourage customer to enjoy flying with a cheaper rate of tickets Malaysia Tourism and hospitality has boost AirAsia economic by advertising the brand name Social Has created a huge people awareness and exposure on traveling within a limited budget in Asia countries. This motivation was created with the AirAsia slogan Now everyone can fly AirAsia has created different living environment and culture by promoting different countries AirAsia commit to Safety First has outcome the fear of customer flying abroad due to the Outbreak of Several Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Technology AirAsia has the state of the art in IT technology which offers E-commerce. In Aug 2003, AirAsia become the first to offer SMS booking where the online service allows consumer to book ticket online, offer seat choosing and luggage check in. The website also offers viewing in six different languages. GO holiday was also launch to introduce customer to book holiday packages online via real time. AirAsia has bought in A320 to replace Boeing 737; which the new airbus has improved fuel efficiency, bigger overhead bin, lower maintenance and extra seat which proven to better performance and reliability. Environment The new purchase of A32 planes has an engine which burn less fuel technology which included lighter weight body. The new planes engine maintenance and wash program which proven to gain 1% to 2% efficiency. More improved pilot training which are being train to take-off and landing more efficiently AirAsia green methods is by adapt the paper containers and cups when they server food during the flight route. Legal Government policy has been set up to ensure that all government business trip to engage with MAS airlines. The budget airlines in south-east Asia is under-develop due to the market of aviation is control by the government right agreement. Customer has taken legal action towards AirAsia for failing to disclose the full price for some route location. Figure 1.0 Self created Pestel analysis Below diagram shows the SWOT analysis. The internal factor can be look into the strength and weakness of the company where else the external factors would be the opportunities and threats in the external environment. SWOT DIAGRAM STENGTHS WEAKNESS AirAsia has a very strong relationship with the government and airlines industry leaders The current management team is good in strategy formulation and implementation. The branding of AirAsia was well established in Asia Pacific. One of Asia cheapest Airlines which are low cost operations. The advance technology of the IT team such in emails alert and desktop alerts for a new promotion Multi-skilled staffed which are well equip and efficient in workforce. A single type of fleet which is easy to maintain and easy for pilot dispatch. AirAsia does not have own repair system, maintenance or overhaul (MRO) facility. Received a lot of complain from end user due to overwhelming of ticket purchases on festive season. Flights always delay due to improper time management. A fix-cost in perishable product which are the airlines seat. This will encourages the airlines to cut down price to attempt to fill empty seats at a lower price than rather flying at a half empty plane. No central location or backup airport. Branding is always an issue in placing in market position. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS There increasing of oil price creates an opportunities for AsiaAsia to capture new or existing customer which are on budget travelers. The ASEAN Open Skies program allows competition among regional airlines which creates partner with other low cost airlines for example Virgin has join in to create a brand name for AsiaAsia. Increase of population of Asian middle class will increase 700 million by 2013 which creates a huge opportunities for AsiaAsia to cater the need of user. Ongoing business prospect will open up new routes and new airport deals Rates such as airport departure, security charges and landing charges are elastic price which beyond the control of the airlines AirAsia profit margin is about 30% and this creates a new competitor to arise such as Tiger Airways. User safety point of view is neglected due to cheaper cost of ticket. User need to purchase a separated insurance for the ticket. Oil price fluctuations which affect the Aviation turbine fuel (ATF) and other operational cost. This will add cost to AirAsia since the total cost fuel is higher than 26% for low cost airlines compared to 20% for a full service airlines Lack of secondary backup airport infrastructure. Other countries like Europe have a secondary airport to avoid flying into mainland airports hence they can skip to pay high cost of landing fees. System always down due to high volume of online sales. Figure 2.0 Self created SWOT diagram. Porter five forces have been used to determine the competitive and the magnetism of the market value and to understand the AirAsia competitive advantage. Table below shows the porter five forces: PORTER FIVE FORCES Competitive rivalry within an industry. This would be the matrix segment of geographical and demography market. AirAsia competitor would be Tiger Airlines and Firefly which both of them also provides cheap flight and several same routes. AirAsia also claim that they dont have any additional fees which are not true. They have several hidden fees which are booking seats and luggage fees which could create a problem in price issue. Population of middle class income is increasing hence creates a huge opportunities for the airlines therefore airlines have to slash price among each another due to customer are not loyal and they tend to switch easy from different company to another Threat of new entry Branding is one of the major factors for new entry. Entry within this industry not only required high cost but also a branding image. New entry is required to impress the investors so that they can make a huge investment in the industry. Government legislation is also an issue where new airlines cant get a new permit flight route from the government. For example if AirAsia want to add more flight route to other county, this would be a barrier for them due to government permit and it will affect their profit. Different service product being offered by competitors where AirAsia provided travel packages around Asia besides only selling air ticket. AirAsia also have great connection with tourism companies around the Asia country thus making this harder for new competitor to compete. Bargaining power of supplier Bargaining power of buyers is strong and cost of switching airlines is low. AirAsia is not the only the airlines which offer low cost operation in Asia. Other competitor prices are not so much different than AirAsia. This will create customer to choose their most suitable schedule of airlines that fits them the best. Two major planes supplier which is Airbus and Boeing. Both of them are having the same standard aircraft which mostly AirAsia ordered in a large amounts from Airbus in order to expand their flight routes. This creates a strong relationship and big discount. Bargaining power of buyer Buyers nowadays are more informed and IT savvy. They are more sensitive to price change making they have more choices to compare with other airlines which its easy for customer to change to other airlines that offer the same service. Customer of Airasia is mostly individual /group travelers which their air tickets purchase is being purchase individual. This makes the bargaining power buyer is strong. AirAsia also have bad image when it comes to flight delays issue. Customer tends to choose other airlines to make sure they reach their destination on time. Threat of substitute product When the price of airlines is expensive, customer will look for a substitute. Price also depends on the booking time and flights date. The longer booking dates are cheaper compare to shorter booking dates. If the ticket is purchase last minute, which cost higher price, customer tends to switch to other airlines such as MAS or Singapore Airlines which offers premium services Some of the traveling purpose would be a business meeting which is now being taken over by the Internet industry. These meeting can be replaced with calls such as video conferencing which can take place within the office premises to save company traveling cost. Figure 3.0 Self created Porter Five Forces diagram. AirAsia adapted the theory of market segment where penetrate into the low cost carrier and the ability to compete among other competitor in the field business. Those methods are: The use of E-commerce in the AirAsia system. They have implement a E-commerce business tool making it one of the kind that allows a AirAsia to sell product, advertise, purchase supplies, bypass and track inventory, cutting down the paperwork and sharing information over the e-portal. This system has improved productivity and higher profitability and yet minimizing the cost of expenses in the company According to Pultorak (2004), when a business strategy mix with IT, the IT platform can be modify to meet business needs and respond to certain user requirement. Example would be the IT platform online system that AirAsia implemented. Customer reservation system (CRS) is a user friendly web-based system which allows user to make reservation, choosing their own seat at various prices, printing out their own e-ticketing and self check-in online which saves ample times. This also helps to cut down the middleman or travel agents cost. All this was being implemented to archive the lowest cost of an airline can possible achieved The use of ERP system in the AirAsia system. Its a use of software that develops a support decisions with planning and controlling the business Its integrated software to make the IT system more effective and efficiently which has been successfully maintain the process of integrity data, reduced month end closing processing time, increase in speed up of data reporting and data retrieval process The system also helps AirAsia to capture their daily operation transaction as well as the operational cost. As the result from both of this system, AirAsia has move from the traditional business method and transform it into an E-commerce system which allows them to achieved their goals and objective to be one of the lowest carrier airplanes in the world This essay describes the strategic management use of implementation of certain tools such as PESTEL, SWOT and Porter Five Forces analysis. Those tools make AirAsia achieve their capability, scope and goals Making use of the IT system and E-commerce has also lead AirAsia to be one of the low cost carriers in the airplane industry. AirAsia chooses strategic management method based on the competition in airlines industry is tough. Other airlines companies are trying to figure out strategic ways to compete among their industry which strategic management has become one of the tools factor to survive in their business industry. None the less airlines need to consider on how to integrate the system as well as the main factors such as external and internal process

Response To: Hiroshma By Berger :: essays research papers

In his essay "Hiroshima," John Berger examines the bombing of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. As he flips through the pages of the book Unforgettable Fire, he begins to relay his own views on the dropping of the A-bomb. Berger suggests his belief that it was an act of terrorism on the Japanese. While viewing the drawings, paintings, and descriptions the victimes of the A-bomb created, Berger starts forming his opinion on the tragedy. He eventually concludes that Japan was a victim of terrorism. However, unlike most terrorists who are from small countries, Japan's attacker was the most powerful nation in the world. America, the country that symbolizes peace and freedom, led the massacre on thousands of Japanese. Just as Berger states, when American children are taught about Hiroshima, the fact that it was unnecessary is ommitted. Never had I been urged to stop and comtemplate the question of why it happened. Likewise, never was this topic addressed in my history courses. In fact, I cannot remember one occassion when I was told of the innocent people who became victims of the attack. I, just as all American children, was taught that it was an important event in history. However,it was never once explained to me that it was important because it marked the largest terrorist act in history. As Berger composes his essay, he argues against things that everyone is told are wrong. However, he is one of the few who actually make the connection between the Hiroshima attack and terrorism. His argument is utterly flawless. He defines terrorism and then points out every aspect of this definition in the Hiroshima bombing. From the lack of necessity to the loss of thousands of innocent lives, the Hiroshima incident represents the model terrorist attack.

Media Violence - Cartoon Violence and Violent Children :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Cartoon Violence and Violent Children With the recent increase in violent crimes committed by children, adults have been looking for answers to what causes children to commit these acts. Researchers have performed formal studies, and other approaches have been taken to answer the question. Their ideas and perceptions have strayed far and wide, looking for a suitable answer; one such answer of the many they have uncovered is television, but especially television geared towards children: cartoons and animation. In recent years, animation has taken a more openly violent twist during the same time period that the unique and varied forms of Japanese animation have come to America; both have raised many parents' eyebrows as articles and media coverage portray both, but especially Japanese animation, in a harsh and unfair light, depicting all series and movies as violent and only fit for mature audiences. The adults' perception of animation varies greatly from the children's perception, as many factors, such as media depictions , personal opinions, and even the standards of cultures, come into play on the decision of what is suitable for younger viewers. While it is not the first medium ever to reproduce violence for entertainment, television has certainly been the most notorious. However, television stations "do not air violence because they want to. They air it because that is what sells. The blame is upon ourselves for the large volume of violence, since they are merely responding to what we want" (Kim). This love for violence has filtered into nearly every television show aired currently. Virtually every television station airs shows, either live action or animated, that involve the characters fighting, arguing, or just acting in a malevolent way towards something or somebody else. The news always carries stories of what crimes have been committed during the day, daytime talk shows and soap operas often involve fighting and conflict, and even children's television is starting to take a more serious, mature twist in its presentations. Shows such as the live action series Mighty Morphin' Power Rangers have been called into que stion because of the numerous fight scenes and injuries that they depict; however, Power Rangers is one show that does provide a message to children at the end, informing them that the fighting is not real and that they should not imitate the Power Rangers. Despite this warning, children do imitate their heroes, hoping to emulate them and be able to stand as strong and powerful as they do.

Female Marital Submission in The Yellow Wallpaper :: Charlotte Perkins

Female Marital Submission in "The Yellow Wallpaper" by Charlotte Perkins "The Yellow Wallpaper" explains a woman's life in that time period, especially that of the narrator, who is living a life of a typical housewife of that time, but who is not able to cope with the oppression. Seems like the narrator fails to see her imprisoned state till towards the end of her story. The main character or the narrator is married to a doctor who is a typical male of those times. Also she has a brother who is in a similar profession as her husband. The narrator knows that she is not too well and that John - her husband does not realize the intensity of her sickness, he ignores her continuous efforts to make him aware of the real situation and her suffering. To make the situation worse he imposes his opinions on her even when it comes to her health. This story shows us the life and the thoughts of the narrator which lead her to be free, but go out of her mind in the sense of the real world. This story is written as if the narrator is writing it. The narrator is sick and her husband has made her a study project, She is continuously watched and thus she has no privacy. The critic of this paper Beth Snyder points out a similar view Hon's condemnation of both the narrator's imaginative vagaries and her writing impels his wife to write in secret and to seek a kind of obscurity in the bedroom, because no one must "find" her writing. Writing, then, becomes its own means for establishing inferiority. But because so much of the story relies on looking and being looked at, both obscurity and secrecy are problemised for Gilman's narrator. Hidden, she cannot hide, and is always illuminated for her spectator-husband "when the sun shoots in through the east window" or when "the moon shines in all night when there is a moon". Snyder in her paper, also mention another view, "It is essential for the narrator to believe that she is writing on dead paper, but she writes for an audience regardless of the paper's "lifelines" and brings another consciousness into the bedroom (the introduction of the audience seems to defy the deadness of the paper)". The narrator is extremely lonely, not in a physical sense, but in a emotional sense.

Economics and Large Office Parks

Dalman and Lei need to recognize what their weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and threats are if they are going to commit to a large-scale expansion of their business. By doing this it will allow them to focus on the things that need work on, and what can make things that are working better. This will ensure that their business will be successful. The weaknesses are, issues and problems managers might not fully understand. With the economic downfall they are unable to have businesses set up at locations that have been known to be good profitable sites, such as large office parks.The strength of the business would be that they know and understand how to run a business effectively. They have a well-known establishment with high quality brands that their customers like. With the businesses they already have, there is a constant cash flow to help start new ones. If they make a few ingredients privately owned by Sandwich Blitz it will insure that no one else can duplicate it. Dalman a nd Lei finding a perfect location to expand their business would be a great opportunity for them. If they could upgrade their current businesses this would be a good opportunity also.If/ when they build the new business they can make sure that the equipment is up to date. This will allow for more productive and faster service. With more updated equipment it will allow the opportunity to serve more customers. There are many threats that their business will face especially if they expand the business. They could have problems with hiring enough qualified personal. They could choose the wrong location. Having businesses that are offering similar products to Sandwich Blitz that are opening or may be opening if the future.

A Comparative Study of Government-Business Relations and Benefits for Citizen in the United States (U.S) and Japan

The success of both national thrift in the introduction is the sum of the successes of the different sectors that make up that economy.This is because e precise nation has more than angiotensin converting enzyme economic sector which is used for the purposes of enhancing the carrying out of the national economy. It has been paramount for every disposal to ensure that there are purloin measures being put in redact ensure that these various sectors of the national economy are performing well to be able to deliver the value necessary for developing the nation and ensuring that there is speedy development (AMBA, 2009).Therefore, in view of this and inclined that the manner in which the line of descent milieu is able to operate is a cite factor in the determination of the achievement of economies of nations it is critical that judicatures are able to elevate models that will ensure that their relationship with businesses is such that benefits are able to be realize for the enjoyment of their citizens.This paper compares the government-business relations diligent in the united States of America and Japan, with a view to establishing the inherent benefits of each of them and so establishing which model is more appropriate owe to its ability to bring more in returns in the form of varied benefits to the sphere and to its citizens. The main focus will be on the manufacturing sector.The Role of Government in Business and in SocietyThere is always an inwrought relationship between government and business because the two are the main institutions in the association. The actions of one are affective of the separate and the actions of the two affect the way the society is viewed.As such, government being the main imposter and coordinator of all affairs in a soil ought to ensure that it is in a position to work well fair to middling to ensure businesses operate in the rectify way and that whatever is done is for the sweetener of the mutual goo d of the organization (AMBA, 2009). Governments get together a very important fictitious character determining the direction of the economy and in influencing the outcomes of the economy.Among other approaches, the nature of measures like protectionism, specie rate determination and control, free marketplace policies, and the intervention of globalization determines how businesses in the country operate and so their eventual outcome. The manufacturing sectors of the United States and Japan the worlds largest and sanction largest economies are very different. The main dispute is in the relationship between the government and business.The government-business approaches in the manufacturing industry come in different ways and vary in each of these countries.Common policies in the sector accommodate largely covered the areas of grants and subsidies, regulation with the look at of shielding the sector from unattackable competition from the external environment especially in the face of widespread globalization of share as well as other forms of regulation aimed at protecting the habitual from environmental pollution and other inefficient manufacturing practices and ensuring that labor issues like employee rights, minimum w suppurate, sodality autonomy, and work-place safety.The manufacturing sector is usually a very important sector and is in some cases the main source of the countrys muchneeded foreign through with(predicate) its exports (Toshiyuki, Mika & Yusuke, 2010).Japan and the United States both open flourishing manufacturing sectors and although the United States has a relatively greater number of industries, Japan has tended to benefit a lot from the industry owing to its approaches to handling business matters (Toshiyuki, Mika & Yusuke, 2010).The American government has forceful the need to subsidize its products from the manufacturing sector so as to shield the sector from stiff competition brought about by the influx of other goods from other countries in the age of globalization as well as to ensure that the consumers benefits from reduced prices.Subsidies have do the cost of locally produced goods to be scorn such that it makes it hard for products from other sectors to be able to compete on a level playing field with the American commodities (Toshiyuki, Mika & Yusuke, 2010). Therefore, although the country might not have a totally regulatory weapon to check an influx of imports, it uses subsidies to give its products an partial advantage over other products.